This is our very basic overview.

Part 2: Second Stage - Birth

What's Happening:
Cervix has dilated, baby has descended and is ready to be delivered. Contractions continue, 3-5 minutes apart, lasting 45-90 seconds. Contractions may be accompanied by a strong urge to push. (May feel like a need to have a bowel movement.) Mom's vocalizations may change to deep grunts or groans.

How long will it last?
Anywhere from a few minutes to three hours. Typically 1-2 hours. When should mom start pushing? Check with nurse or doctor before starting to bear down.

Breathing Techniques and Bearing Down:
Caregivers will guide you. But generally: With each contraction, take in a deep breath, then bear down for five to seven seconds, while exhaling or gently holding breath. Then relax briefly, take in a quick breath. Then bear down again. Bear down three or four times during each contraction. In between contractions, take nice deep breaths and rest.

Comfort:
Any of the ideas previous. A cold cloth on her forehead or neck is especially popular. Warm washcloths on her perineum, or perineal massage by the care provider may help with comfort, and may reduce the chance of tears or episiotomy.

What should partners do:
Help support mom in chosen position. Help guide pushing efforts and breathing. Lots of encouragement and reassurance. Reinforce caregivers' suggestions.